Hemp oil or CBD oil: not the same thing

In Romania, “hemp oil” usually means the oil cold-pressed from the seeds, the one on the cold-pressed oils shelf at the supermarket or in a herbal shop. CBD oil comes from another part of the plant and is sold in small bottles with a dropper.

Both come from industrial hemp, and on some labels their names are almost identical. The table shows where they part ways.

Hemp seeds are pressed just like flax or sunflower seeds. Cannabinoids form in the glands on the flowers, not in the seed, so CBD shows up in the oil at most as a trace, from contact with the rest of the plant at harvest.

It is an ordinary food with a history of consumption in the EU, so it is not novel food. It is used cold — in salads or drizzled over food — because it handles high heat poorly and is not suited to frying. In cosmetics it appears on the INCI list as Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil.

CBD oil is an extract from the flowers and leaves of industrial hemp, diluted in a carrier oil — often hemp seed oil itself, MCT oil from coconut or olive oil. So seed oil may well be in the CBD bottle, but as the base, not as the source of CBD.

The amount of CBD is given in milligrams per bottle or as a percentage, and both say the same thing: 10 % in a 10 ml bottle means 1000 mg. The type of extract — full spectrum, broad spectrum or isolate — is explained in the article on spectrums.

In Romania CBD oils are usually sold as cosmetic products, with directions for use on the label; use the product only as it says there. In the catalogue, the CBD amount and the regime are shown on each oil's page.

The name on the front is marketing; the ingredients on the back are the maker's declaration. Check in the order below; the step-by-step guide shows how to read the lab report.

• Look for “CBD” or “cannabidiol” in the ingredients list, not just in the product name.
• Look for a figure: milligrams of CBD or a percentage. Seed oil is measured only in millilitres.
• Look at the volume: a 250 ml bottle at a cooking-oil price is seed oil.
• Look for the batch lab report. For CBD oil it is normal to have one; for food seed oil it makes no sense.
• In cosmetics read the INCI list: Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil is the seed oil, Cannabidiol is the CBD.
• With capsules, the figure must be milligrams of CBD per capsule. If it only says how many milligrams of oil the capsule holds, it is seed oil.

If the label says CBD but the shop has no batch report, that is a problem. A food seed oil without a report is normal.

The two oils are not compared with each other on price: with seed oil you pay for volume, with CBD oil you pay for the milligrams of CBD. A big bottle of cooking oil is not a cheaper kind of CBD oil.

Between two CBD oils, divide the bottle's price by the milligrams of CBD in it. The result, the price per milligram, is the only figure that compares them fairly: a 20 % bottle may cost more than a 10 % one and still be cheaper per milligram.

Hemp seed oil is sold freely, like any cooking oil. CBD extracted from the plant falls under a different regime: the European Commission treats it as novel food (Regulation (EU) 2015/2283), and as of this article no application has been authorised. In February 2026 EFSA set a provisional safe level for supplements of about 2 mg of CBD a day for an adult; for people under 25, pregnant or breastfeeding women and those taking medicines, safety could not be established. It is a conclusion of the scientific assessment, not a recommendation to consume.

That is why CBD oils in Romania are sold mostly as cosmetic products under Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, notified in the EU CPNP portal. The hemp both oils come from may have at most 0.3 % THC in the plant (Regulation (EU) 2021/2115), and cannabis and THC remain controlled in Romania.

The Court of Justice of the EU ruled in 2020 that CBD is not a narcotic (Kanavape case, C-663/18). It is not a medicine either, though, and does not replace treatment.